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Kumar, Manish

Carbon Stocks in Natural and Planted Mangrove forests of Mahanadi Mangrove Wetland, East Coast of India

Abstract Views :240 | PDF Views:83

Authors

S. C. Sahu ¹, Manish Kumar ², N. H. Ravindranath ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
2 Environment and Sustainability Department, CSIR–Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 013, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 110, No 12 (2016), Pagination: 2253-2260

Abstract

Mangrove forest ecosystem is one of the important carbon sinks in the tropics. The role of mangrove forests in mitigating climate change through reduced deforestation is well recognized. The present field study aimed to estimate the carbon stocks of Mahanadi Mangrove Wetland (MMW), east coast of India. Carbon stocks were estimated in vegetation and soil of natural mangrove forest stands and new mangrove plantation stands. The mean of carbon stock in natural stands was 143.4 ± 8.2 Mg C ha^-1 (vegetation 89.1 ± 8.9 and soil 54.3 ± 3.0 Mg C ha^-1) and plantation at 151.5 ± 7.9 Mg C ha^-1 (vegetation 90.6 ± 16.2 and soil 60.9 ± 5.6 Mg C ha^-1). The mean overall C-stock of natural stands and plantations was 147.0 ± 8.1 Mg C ha^-1 (vegetation 89.4 ± 7.6 and soil 57.6 ± 3.2 Mg C ha^-1), which is 1.6 times higher than that in forests of Odisha. A positive correlation (r = 0.87) was found between vegetation biomass and soil organic carbon in the surface soil (0-30 cm), indicating the role of vegetation in building surface soil/sediment organic carbon. The 6651 ha of mangrove forests in the MMW is estimated to store 0.98 Mt of C, which is equivalent to 3.59 Mt of CO₂e. The present study reveals that MMW stores substantial amount of atmospheric carbon and therefore needs to be conserved and sustainably managed to maintain as well as increase carbon storage. Further, mangrove plantations, on a per unit area basis, can sequester as much carbon as natural stands.

Keywords

Carbon Stocks, Mangroves, Natural Stands, Plantations.

Full Text

Urban Growth Dynamics and Modelling Using Remote Sensing Data and Multivariate Statistical Techniques

Abstract Views :309 | PDF Views:82

Authors

Manish Kumar ¹, R. B. Singh ², Ram Pravesh ³, Pankaj Kumar ², Dinesh Kumar Tripathi ⁴, Netrananda Sahu ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Geography, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 008, IN
2 Delhi School of Economics, Department of Geography, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 008, IN
3 Department of Geography, Kumaun University, SSJ Campus, Almora 263 601, IN
4 Department of Geography, Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical and Social Sciences, Sultanpur 228 118, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 114, No 10 (2018), Pagination: 2080-2091

Abstract

In this article, sprawl area of impervious surfaces and their spatial and temporal variability have been studied for Pune city over a period of 19 years, i.e. 1992–2011. Statistical techniques and image classification approach have been adopted to quantify the urban sprawl and its spatial and temporal characteristics. For this purpose, satellite images were obtained from various sensors, viz. Landsat Thematic Mapper and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus. To establish the relationship between urban sprawl and its causative factors, multivariate statistical technique has been used. The determinants of causal factors of urban sprawl such as population, α-population density, β-population density, workforce engaged in secondary and tertiary sectors, road density, and gender gap in literacy collectively explain the 93.09% variation in urban growth. The result also depicts that incessant growth in the built-up area in Pune city has surpassed the rate of population growth. From 1992 to 2011, population in the region grew by 75.40% while the amount of built-up land grew by 227.3%, i.e. more than three times the rate of population growth. To understand the future urban growth of Pune city, a foresight approach is being developed that allows long-term projections. This depicts that by the year 2051, the built-up area in the municipal limits would rise to 212.27 sq. km, which may be nearly 50.0% more than that in 2011 (141.50 sq. km). The vegetative areas, open spaces and areas around the highways are expected to become major targets for urban sprawl due to further increase in the pressure on land.

Keywords

Remote Sensing, Statistical Techniques, Spatial and Temporal Variability, Urban Sprawl.

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References

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Kumar, J. A. V., Pathan, S. K. and Bhanderi, R. J., Spatiotemporal analysis for monitoring urban growth – a case study of Indore city. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sensing, 2007, 35(1), 11–20.

Jat, M. K., Garg, P. K. and Khare, D., Monitoring and modelling of urban sprawl using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf., 2008, 10, 26–43.

Punia, M. and Singh, L., Entropy approach for assessment of urban growth: a case study of Jaipur, India. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sensing, 2012, 40(2), 231–244.

Rawat, J. S. and Kumar, M., Monitoring land use/cover change using remote sensing and GIS techniques: a case study of Hawalbagh block, district Almora, Uttarakhand, India. Egypt. J. Remote Sensing Space Sci., 2015, 18, 77–84.

Roshan, R., Shahraki, S. Z., Sauri, D. and Borna, R., Urban sprawl and climatic changes in Tehran, Iran. J. Environ. Health. Sci. Eng., 2010, 7(1), 43–52.

Polyzos, S., Minetos, D. and Niavis, S., Driving factors and empirical analysis of urban sprawl in Greece, Theor. Empirical Res. Urban Manage., 2013, 8(1), 5–29.

Majid, F. and Mohammad, M., Dynamics and forecasting of population growth and urban expansion in Srinagar city – a geospatial approach. Int. Arch. Photogramm., Remote Sensing Spatial Inf. Sci., 2014, 11(8), 709–716.

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Goswami, M. and Khire, M. V., Land use and land cover change detection for urban sprawl analysis of Ahmadabad city using multitemporal landsat data. Int. J. Adv. Remote Sensing GIS, 2016, 5(4), 1670–1677.

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Water Purification and Biomineralization using Nanofibres-Based Membrane Technology

Abstract Views :252 | PDF Views:92

Authors

Manish Kumar ¹, Siddhant Kumar ¹, Samar Agnihotri ¹, Bharat Singh Rajpurohit ¹, Jaspreet Kaur Randhawa ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175 005, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 5 (2021), Pagination: 809-817

Abstract

Population of world and industrialization are increasing rapidly due to which the amount of fresh water is decreasing. There is a need to promote a novel costeffective technique to purify the contaminated water. Nanotechnology provides extraordinary nanomaterials with unique properties which can be used to purify the water. In this article the use of polymeric hybrid membranes is discussed. A novel high flux filtration hybrid membrane system, consisting of a three-layer composite with hierarchical structures, i.e. highly porous hydrophilic material coated top layer, an electrospun nanofibrous barrier layer in the middle; for support the bottom layer is made of nonwoven fibrous web to provide high tensile strength up to 40 MPa, more durability and high retention ratio.

Keywords

Hybrid Membrane, Electrospinning Technique, Nanomaterials, Porous Nanofibres.

Full Text

References

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Occurrence of sapphirine-bearing granulites from Kothuru, Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt: implications on ultra-high temperature metamorphism

Abstract Views :166 | PDF Views:93

Authors

Saurabh Singh ¹, Divya Prakash ¹, Chandra Kant Singh ¹, Vedika Srivastava ¹, Manoj Kumar Yadav ², Pradip Kumar Singh ¹, Manish Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
2 Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Lucknow University, Lucknow 226 007, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 122, No 11 (2022), Pagination: 1298-1304

Abstract

In this study, we present evidence for the stable coexistence of sapphirine + quartz and the compositional characteristics of the sapphirine-bearing granulites from Kothuru in the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt (EGMB), India. The study area is an integral part of the Precambrian terrane in the western part of EGMB and is characterized by the granulite facies rocks comprising mainly of pelitic granulites such as charnockites, enderbites, leptynites, khondalites and gneisses, and sapphirine–spinel–quartz-bearing rocks. The chemistry of the minerals present in the assemblage has been examined using the electron probe micro analyser to infer their occurrence and distribution in various reaction textures observed during the petrographic study. The peak and post-peak history of the sapphirine-bearing granulites of Kothuru section have been constrained in the NCKFMASHTO system showing decompressional P–T path of high-grade metamorphic rocks through the intersection of the isopleth contours of various mineral phases present. The proposed P–T path with a steep isothermal decompression retrograde trajectory may be attributed to the over-thrust processes. The results obtained from the petrographic study of the mineral assemblages along with their textural relationship, mineral chemistry, especially Fe3+/FeTotal ratio and pseudosection modelling reveal that the studied segment has arrested promising ultra-high temperature metamorphic signatures and is tectonically distinct from those reported in the adjacent areas.

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References

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Education – World of Work Mismatch: A Multidimensional Competence Gap Analysis for Reorienting the Fisheries Vocational Education System in India

Abstract Views :92 | PDF Views:56

Authors

Reshma Gills ¹, C. Ramachandran ², V. P. Vipinkumar ², Manish Kumar ³, Eldho Varghese ¹, Jayaraman Jayasankar ¹, Shelton Padua ¹, R. Narayana Kumar ⁴, Pooja Krishna ¹, T. V. Ambrose ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi 682 018, India., IN
2 ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi 682 018, India., IN
3 National Skill Development Agency, New Delhi 110 019, India; StatsInk Consultancy Pvt Ltd, New Delhi 110 019, India., IN
4 Madras Research Centre, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Chennai 600 028, India., IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 124, No 11 (2023), Pagination: 1329-1338

Abstract

India’s New Education Policy 2020, which is in tune with SDG 4 (quality education) and SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth), has stressed the redesigning of vocational education (VE) to equip the youth for the world of work, considering the window of opportunities available till 2040. Though the competence gap is being pronounced as the foremost hurdle in the ‘education–world of work’ transition in every sector, its precise measurement and quantification remain elusive. In this context, we have develop an innovative methodological framework and a composite index (h) to measure the competence gap of the vocational higher secondary education system (VHSES), taking marine fisheries and seafood processing courses offered under the VHSES in Kerala, India as a case study. This study demonstrates that the educational gap, delivery gap, propensity to normalize with general education and inadequate learning ecosystem are responsible for the ‘education–world of work mismatch’ in VE. The findings of the present study point to specific areas of VE that need pedagogic and pragmatic reconstruction. It also shows strategic policy considerations to place the learners’ aspirations, gender and vocational opportunities in a balanced manner for a better vocational teaching–learning ecosystem.

Keywords

Competence Gap, Composite Index, Gender, Marine Fisheries and Seafood Processing, Vocational Education.

Full Text

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